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Rubbing alcohol
Rubbing alcohol, USP / Surgical spirit, B.P. is a liquid prepared and used primarily for topical application. It is prepared from a special denatured alcohol solution and contains approximately 70 percent by volume of pure, concentrated ethanol (ethyl alcohol) or isopropyl alcohol (propan-2-ol).〔See (Industrial Alcohol In Washington State ), "Rubbing Alcohol is a cooling and soothing liquid for external application that contains approximately 70 percent denatured ethyl alcohol or isopropanol."〕 Individual manufacturers can use their own "formulation standards" in which the ethanol content usually ranges from 70-99% v/v. In Ireland and the UK, the equivalent skin preparation is surgical spirit. It is colorless. The freezing point is . The boiling point is .
The term "rubbing alcohol" has become a general non-specific term for either isopropyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol (ethanol) rubbing-alcohol products. Common "rubbing alcohol" is unsafe for human consumption, as isopropyl alcohol is a different chemical than the ethyl alcohol in alcoholic beverages. The lethal dose of isopropyl alcohol by mouth in adult humans is about 8 ounces (250 ml). Not to be confused with methyl alcohol, which may be commonly called "wood alcohol". Fatal in even small doses, methyl alcohol breaks down in the liver to create formaldehyde (methanal).
== Properties ==
Rubbing alcohol is a volatile and flammable liquid. It has an extremely bitter taste from its additives and (in the absence of added odorous substances) a characteristic odor. The specific gravity of Formula 23-H is between 0.8691 and 0.8771 at .
Isopropyl rubbing alcohol USP/B.P. contains 68–99% of isopropyl alcohol by volume, the remainder consisting of water, with or without color additives, suitable stabilizers, and perfume oils. Isopropyl alcohol is oxidized by the liver into acetone. Symptoms of isopropyl alcohol poisoning include flushing, headache, dizziness, central nervous system depression, nausea, vomiting, anesthesia, and coma.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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